Observing Stars Essays - Electromagnetic Radiation,

Watching Stars Watching Stars Our perspective on the sky around evening time is conceivable due to the discharge and impression of light. 'Light' is the better-known term for the electromagnetic range, which remembers waves for the noticeable, bright, infra-red, microwave, radio, X-beam and gamma-beam locales. The size of the range is enormous to such an extent that no area is particular, a few cover one another. Every one of these areas in the electromagnetic range speak to transverse waves, going as electrical and attractive fields which communicate oppositely to one another, with various scopes of frequency. The attractive field sways vertically and the electric field on a level plane, and each field initiates the other. Before the finish of the nineteenth century, Maxwell gave a sensible incentive for c, the speed of light: c = __1__ = 3 x 108 ms-1 ?(mo eo) The connection between the speed of all electromagnetic radiation, frequency (l) and recurrence (f) is demonstrated to be c = l f. Since the Universe is so huge, interstellar separations are incredible to such an extent that light transmitted can take as much as a great many years to contact us. Such huge separations are frequently estimated in ?light-years'; one light-year (ly) is the separation gone by a flood of light in a year. In light of the monstrous speed of light and separations, the light showing up at us would have left the item numerous years prior, with the goal that taking a gander at a distant star is a lot of like thinking back in time. Logical perception of the stars is troublesome in light of the mutilating impact of the Earth's environment. One issue is air refraction-where light is twisted. Fierce air flows cause changing refractive files, as there is no uniform air thickness. This causes an impact called glimmer, where stars seem to sparkle. The impact on districts of the electromagnetic range other than the obvious part, for example, the ingestion of specific frequencies by air synthetic substances, and the impression of waves by charged particles in the ionosphere, implies that some ghastly information is just imperceptible to us on Earth. The Earth gets electromagnetic radiation of all frequencies from all headings in space, yet the vast majority of the electromagnetic range is shut out by the air well over the Earth's surface, where our eyes and instruments are for the most part based. In any case, frequencies from just two areas of the electromagnetic range can enter the climate. These two ghastly windows in the climate through which we can watch the Universe are known as the optical window-which permits the noticeable frequency district through; and the radio window-which incorporates the frequency area from around 1 mm to 30 m. The telescopes utilized by space experts on the ground are thusly classed as optical and radio telescopes. Optical telescopes work by either reflecting or refracting light, utilizing focal points or bended mirrors to center the light from a subject to shape a picture. Radio telescopes comprise of an explanatory reflector and beneficiary on which the waves are engaged. The social affair and settling power rely upon the measurement of the radio wire. Radio perceptions are unaffected by the climate or time of day, and in light of the bigger frequency of radio waves, dust in space and air convection flows are not an issue. Radio stargazing is utilized in the concoction examination of components (by discharge and ingestion spectra); to identify the movement of bodies because of the Doppler impact; and in examination concerning the early Universe and the Big Bang. We can investigate radio waves from the focuses of systems, including our own. In spite of the radio window, there are still frequencies that don't infiltrate the air. Some radio waves are reflected from the ionosphere, some portion of the thermosphere, where floods of charged particles from the sun ionize gas atoms: this is photograph ionization. Bright radiation, X-beams and gamma-beams are additionally assimilated at this layer. Retention of the electromagnetic range at different elevations above Earth happens to shifting degrees. Much infra-red radiation doesn't arrive at ground level due to assimilation in the upper climate by water, and some carbon dioxide and oxygen particles that lie between the ground and around 15 km of height (the troposphere). Ozone (tri-oxygen) and di-oxygen in the stratosphere ingests a significant part of the bright radiation (henceforth the ?ozone layer' at about 30km). A symptom of the ozone layer is that particles re-transmit

Definition and Examples of Leading Questions

Definition and Examples of Leading Questions A main inquiry is a sort of inquiry that infers or contains its own answer. Conversely, a nonpartisan inquiry is communicated in a way that doesnt recommend its own answer. Driving inquiries can fill in as a structure ofâ persuasion. Theyâ are logical as in the suggested answers can be an endeavor to shape or decide a reaction. Phillip Howard says: While we are on about inquiries of talk, let us put on the record for those being met on TV thatâ a driving inquiry is certifiably not an antagonistic oneâ that goes to the stub and puts one on the spot(A Word in Your Ear, 1983). Notwithstanding TV news coverage, driving inquiries can be utilized in deals and promoting, in prospective employee meet-ups, and in court. In surveys and reviews, a tricky inquiry can slant the outcomes: Unobtrusive leadsâ are questions that may not be promptly perceived as driving inquiries. Harris (1973) reports contemplates which exhibit that the manner in which an inquiry is worded can impact the reaction. For instance, asking someone how tall a b-ball player is delivered more noteworthy appraisals than when respondents were asked how short the player was. The normal estimate of the individuals who were asked how tall? was 79 inches, instead of 69 crawls for the individuals who were asked how little? Hargie portrays an investigation by Loftus (1975) which detailed comparable discoveries when forty individuals were gotten some information about migraines. The individuals who were asked Do you get cerebral pains every now and again and, provided that this is true, how frequently? revealed a normal of 2.2 cerebral pains every week, though the individuals who were asked Do you get migraines at times and, provided that this is true, how frequently? detailed just 0.7 every week. A few questioners may purposely utilize inconspicuous prompts get the appropriate responses they want, however frequently neither the questioner nor respondent knows about the degree to which the wording of the inquiry can impact the response.(John Hayes, Interpersonal Skills at Work. Routledge, 2002) In Court In a court, a main inquiry is one that attempts to place words in the observer mouth or searches for the individual to reverberate back what the examiner inquired. They dont leave space for the observer to recount to the story in their own words. Creators Adrian Keane and Paul McKeown show: Driving inquiries are typically those so confined as to recommend the appropriate response looked for. In this way it would be a main inquiry if counsel for the indictment, looking to set up an attack, were to ask the person in question, Did X smacked you in the face with his clench hand? The best possible course is ask Did X do anything to you and, in the event that the observer, at that point gives proof of having been hit, to pose the inquiries Where did X hit you and How did X hit you?(The Modern Law of Evidence, tenth ed. Oxford University Press, 2014) Driving inquiries are not permitted on direct assessment yet are permitted on questioning and select different cases, for example, when the observer is named as a threatening one.â In Sales Creator Michael Lovaglia clarifies how sales reps utilize driving inquiries to measure clients, outlining with a furniture store salesperson:â Purchasing a roomful of furniture is a significant buy, a major decision....The salesman, standing by restlessly, needs to hustle the procedure along. What would she be able to do? She most likely needs to state, So get it as of now. Its only a couch. In any case, that would not help. Rather, she poses a main inquiry: How before long would you need your furniture conveyed? The client may answer Right away or Not for a couple of months, until we move into our new house. Either answer fills the salespersons need. The inquiry expect that the client will require the stores conveyance administration, however that is genuine simply after the client purchases the furnishings. By responding to the inquiry, the client infers that she will proceed with the buy. The inquiry helps drive her into a choice that she had been dubious about until she addressed it.(Knowing People: The Personal Use of Social Psychology. Rowman Littlefield, 2007)

Indoor And Outdoor Games Children And Young People Essay Essay Example

Indoor And Outdoor Games Children And Young People Essay Paper I have chosen this subject since I have watched many child s who are extremely attached to playing computer games got forceful and vicious. They were utilized to play computer games thus try to utilize those procedures in existent life which they applied in games for representation if a kid had played dashing game and did gliding in it and gain the commendation like Excellent, Nice e.t.c so he/she feels he/she was master in it and he/she can make it in existent life too much however when he make it in existent life it might do genuine mishap which may do his/her perish. While out-of-entryway games like cricket, football e.t.c. help us to keep physical and mental wellbeing, make the soul of confirmation, subject and resistance and we learn deference of guideline. These games advance harmony and congruity among individuals. Games and Human Behavior We will compose a custom paper test on Indoor And Outdoor Games Children And Young People Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Indoor And Outdoor Games Children And Young People Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Indoor And Outdoor Games Children And Young People Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Games help us to keep physical and mental health, make the soul of affirmation, subject, resistance and do us energetic and some savage picture games can increment forceful conduct. In antiquated occasions gymnastic activities were the solitary technique for physical working out. It was truly dull and uninteresting. Man wished to get mental pleasance during physical practicing so he imagined numerous outside and indoor games with the progress of clasp. The historical backdrop of the athleticss and games likely broadens each piece back as the being of individuals as purposive sportive and dynamic presences. Sports have been utile way to expand order of nature and condition for individuals. The historical backdrop of athleticss can learn us about cultural adjustments and about the idea of sports itself. Sports includes essential human achievements being and practiced for their utility. It other than help us to cognize how society has changed its convictions and consequently there are adjustments in the guidelines. In out-of-entryway games we need to comply with all the guidelines so we learn deference of guidelines. We figure out how to move with our confidant members. In out-of-entryway games we learn sportsmanship what's more get the soul of sportswoman thus, we endure the triumph of the resistance When we happen of-entryway games we take in muss of natural air and O which keeps us off from various kind of deadly diseaseaë†ë†so it dismiss one s head from all kind of tensenesss, occupations and concerns. Games are the of import start for the developing and improvement of head and natural structure. We recognize that sitting in forepart of computer games, broadcasting for a considerable length of time and hours is non wellbeing acceptable being out-of-doorss help our children rest all the more great. At the point when they have happened of-doorss we ought to non mind if our children get dirty or foul because of happening of-doorss. We ought to elevate them to play and incline toward open air. The advantages of out-of-entryway show can be found in both intellectually and genuinely. We know the advantages, quality perseverance and physical make-ups coordination. Playing outside is a worth capable movement from numerous points of view for darlings, yearlings and kindergartners. It advances their turn of events. Infants, yearlings and kindergartners are centripetal nervus researchers. Other than all health benefits it loosens up kids insight and thought. As adults we realize that we learn through creation so we ought to concede that children gain from motion. Happening of-doorss chops down accentuation in kids. Youngsters express and work out passionate aspects of each twenty-four hours encounters through unstructured show. Youngsters permitted to play uninhibitedly with rises to learn achievements for seeing things through another individual s position, teaming up, sharing, and maintain trip sources of income. Open air games help us to order on various deadly ailments, for example, respiratory, chest sicknesses and shot, high blood power per unit territory, non insulin dependant, diabetes, plumpness, back harming osteoporosis and can better your temper, help you to all the more likely oversee accentuation, which other than keeps you off from various mental issues. It keeps a person off from smoking and different conditions which are terrible for wellbeing. It goes astray one s head from tensenesss, employments and concerns. Outside games show us distinctive kind of achievements which help us for an amazing duration and state us how to oversee diverse sort of situation. It gives us affirmation which grown-up male ever needs and grown-up male ever need confirmation in each situation. It upgrades our assurance conceiving. It makes us fresh to make things happen the assurance. We learn regard of guidelines and Torahs, so it shows us the subject. Resistance is another factor which it gives us. At the point when we are crushed by the contrary crew it shows us the resilience against the triumphant crew. It other than shows us the sportsmanship energy and thought process. At the point when we are vanquished it gives us energy and imprint to win following clasp. People groups are so occupied in their lives that do non cognize each other life in a similar region even they do non cognize their neighbors for mature ages and mature ages. So when individuals play together in crews so it gives us a superior chance to cognize and to collaborate with one another. In a crew each member has an alternate socio-culture foundation when members meet each other they parcel their virtues, convictions and standards. Open air games bring uprightness among individuals and gracefully a stage to exchange their human advancement, custom, imposts, positions, thoughts and musings. Science has made a particular progression in the field of building only to gracefully comfort and to work mankind in a superior way. During the last not many decennaries our general public is facing a genuine activity that our youngster has included too much in Bet oning at their places for quite a long time and hours yet it is truly dark for their wellbeing. As we realize that Video games have been in being for last numerous decennaries and turning worries about their negative impact are truly elevated especially blending to examine held in New York City that those Adolescents who play rough picture games over a figure of mature ages become progressively forceful and resolute. Blending to an ongoing examination that savage picture games can adjust the encephalon in just one hebdomad and do members increasingly antagonistic and unforgiving. The most disturbing situation is that the offense rate is expanding incredibly because of fierce picture games we have the vast majority of the o ccasions what we have in those games for case slaughter, solid savage passings, bombardments, sex abuse and sexual substance. The greatest outline of the game that animate more noteworthy power was the call of obligation and Anders Breivik, the Norse who killed 77 individuals, asserted prior this twelvemonth that he had played picture game Call of Duty to create himself I have some ongoing representations which are sufficient to turn out me right. A 13-year old male kid bounced from the structure s 24thA floor and submitted implosion subsequent to playing War exchange III for 36 hours legitimately. A pre-adult went on a savage issue and killed three work powers, two of them constabulary officials, following quite a while of playing Grand Theft Auto A 17-year-old male slaughtered his female parent and injured his after they took Halo 3 off from him. A 15-year old pursued off from place his folks took his Xbox comfort off. His dead natural structure was found about a month after.1 Eric Harris and one of his freinds, Dylan Klebold murdered 13 students at Columbine High School thus executed themselves on twentieth of April 1999. Fitting to the announcements of their female guardians, both were huge fanatics of the Doom, the primary individual taw picture game. Is it too much enormous of a spring in rationale to surmise that this brutal picture game came about the support to execute this terrible demonstration of monstrosity? 2 In excess of 130 inquires about have been continued in excess of 130,000 members around the universe ( Anderson et al. , 2010 ) . These examinations demonstrate that rough picture games increment forceful contemplations, brutal sentiments, physiological incitement, and forceful conduct. Savage games other than decline helping conduct and impressions of comprehension for others.3 Kid s who are extremely attached to playing computer games got forceful and rough. They were utilized to play computer games thus look to utilize those procedures in existent life which they applied in games for outline if a kid had played a dashing game and did drifting in it and procure the commendation like Excellent, Nice e.t.c so he/she feels he/she was master in it and he/she can make it in existent life too much however when he make it in existent life it might do genuine mishap which may do his/her perish. It is stated, Healthy natural structure makes a sound head in any case, it is just non feasible for everybody to go on making troublesome work at surveies without an interference. All clasp troublesome work and overview can result into extraordinary unexceptional. Each student after a troublesome work needs an adjustment, some recreational action and so forth and athleticss are the best for this purpose. Outside games are all of import as surveies may be. These games help an understudy to keep a decent form and sound wellbeing. In the event that an individual does non take divide in such kind of exercises, this will non permit him/her to execute great in employees. Games and athleticss make a feeling of driving, a feeling of affirmation in an understudy. At the terminal, out-of-entryway games are extremely of import in one s life. These games advance harmony

Orientation Speech free essay sample

The school was established by the DAV College Managing Committee on July 26, 1948 in the hallowed memory of Mahatma Hans Raj, a pioneer in the field of instruction The establishing Principal of the school, the late Dr. G. L. Dutta (1898-1982), entirely distinguished himself with the DAV standards and bent over backward to cut a spot for the school among driving dynamic instructive organization. For his replacement, Shri Shanti Narayan (1911-1989), the school was an important instrument to serve the general public. Under his stewardship, the school developed quickly, as far as both scholarly execution of understudies and framework. The later Principals, Padamabhushan Shri G. P. Chopraji (1970 †1984) by and by President of DAV Trust, Dr. N. K. Uberoi (1984 †1991), Shri J. K. Kapur ( 1992 †2003), Dr. S. R. Arora ( 2003 †2009) all worked tirelessly to maintain the sublime customs of DAV. The current directing Principal, Dr. V. K. Kawatra (2009 onwards) is similarly dedicated to lead the school on the well †made guide of the school acquired from its antecedents. When over DAV Trust set up this renowned organization they put their focus on values that were past scholastics. They had as a top priority the prepping of understudies to confront life’s challenges in totality. They put over the message to the general public that instruction has a considerably more exhaustive implying that was proficiency. Instruction must give the establishment of fundamental worth framework for all the Knowledge Skill one may gain over some stretch of time. So we need to instill the component of direction in Today we are overpowered confounded by the choppiness of instructive establishment. globalization. On one had we don’t wish to be deserted in the race for Knowledge securing and a the other we long for to go ack to our underlying foundations to the training that lies in our legacy ehos. Presently lets perceive how foundation in the place that is known for the Vedas living in the 21st century can find some kind of harmony between the clashing thoughts. The Curriculum of the College is an impeccably adjusted mix of scholastic and professional direction. The c onsequences of the school, have consistently been admirable talking volume, about the commitment and devotion of its educators. In the year 2009-10, 85 understudies made sure about top 3 position while 90 understudies were granted the science Meritorious Scholarships while 11 were granted the University Gold Medal in various subjects. The accomplishments of our understudies, scholastics a well as every single other movement cause us to feel pleased that we have a place with this incredible foundation. We figure out how to peruse compose all subjects like Science, Mathematics, History, Economics and Commerce. Sadly the most essential of information has not been instructed, how to oversee one’s own psyche and feelings to create and appreciate the fullest of what human life can offer. No other information is progressively significant in deciding the nature of one’s life. The proverb of the school â€Å"Tamsoma Jyoter Gamaya’’ properly summarizes the goals of this school. It represents all round improvement of a person inside the proper arrangement of instruction. The bird is the image for calm force and extension we should open our focal points, similar to the falcon, to see the woodland and the trees, and to spot chances to make cooperative energy by joining singular pieces of our lives to make a more prominent progressively powerful entire individual †an individual who comprehends the significance of group and time. In any case, for genuine victors, a misfortune is a learning experience, and disappointment, similar to compost, causes things to become quicker later on. Extra time, great seeds planted in great soil yield sound natural product. In 21st Century, freedom will be supplanted by association. You are far more prominent than have at any point longed for being (Potency). What's more, regardless, what you are encountering in your life at the present time, trust me that everything is acceptable and unfurling to your greatest advantage. It may not look pretty, yet it is actually what you have to realize for you to develop into the individual you have been bound to became Everything happening in your life has been splendidly arranged to motivate your maximal advancement as a person and bring you into your actual force, gain from life and permit it to take you where you are intended to go it has your most elevated interests at the top of the priority list. We accept †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. that each bud has an option to blossom †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. That for a bud to blossom, each of the one requires is the correct condition, where it can get the correct contributions, in the correct ways, with care supporting by the perfect individuals. This is the mantra of the achievement of Hans Raj College. We ought convey forward the heritage, yet take the school to higher steps. Let’s all join to accomplish its definitive objective I. e to turned into the No. 1 school of India. In any case, there is no alternate way to progress and no substitute of hardwork. I am honored to be encircled by numerous additional customary individuals like you my associates throughout my life. Without them, it would not be feasible for me to do what I do and to propel my crucial helping understudies youthful personalities (future developers of country) live their most noteworthy lives. Every one of you have helped me in the forming of my thoughts, urged me to think ambitiously, and supported in the spread of my message to teach individuals, I am profoundly appreciative to all understudies who brings such a great amount of marvel to my life and I love you beyond what words can say. The school grounds with an inn for 200 understudies, offers an amicable association ground to understudies from different conditions of the nation just as outside understudies. The solid relational connection between the understudies and educators helps in conveying and determining the advantages of an all encompassing instructive framework. The school has among its graduated class incorporates a universe of Educationists.

Epistemology versus Ontology in Research Design Article

Epistemology versus Ontology in Research Design - Article Example These components will give the guides to the utilization of philosophy rather than epistemology. Along these lines, it might be said that this paper has been composed on the suspicion that metaphysics is more qualified than epistemology for the exploration plan. At long last, there will be an end that will sum up the discoveries that have been procured through this paper. The introduction of these discoveries or reasons with respect to why philosophy is more qualified than epistemology will be summed up in a methodical way. Epistemology: This is a field of study that is firmly identified with reasoning. Epistemology, through the meaning of hypotheses and ideas, tries to examine a group of information by applying the applicable definitions. It is a field of study that utilizations instruments like investigation and translation. For the utilization of epistemology, it is imperative to have a group of prepared to utilize or investigate truthful information. This field consolidates the investigation of information with the utilization of philosophical apparatuses, to earn wide speculations. These speculations cling to different facts and convictions, as might be delineated in the general impression of the philosophical components of the information being examined. There is a solid extension for the utilization of rationale and thinking here. Avocation of discoveries through different numerical and factual modes is likewise a significant piece of the field of epistemology. (www.wikipedia.com) Cosmology: Ontology is a tremendous field of study. Its extension is more prominent than that of epistemology. This can be shown by the way that epistemology basically tries to infer different discoveries through an investigation of the realities. Cosmology on different, looks to discover all the applicable information that can add to an increasingly orderly investigation of realities for progressively precise discoveries. In the field of cosmology, there is an attention on the characterizing of different parameters from changed points of view. This enables the scientist to arrive at specific speculations in order to show up on the regular highlights of the parameter being examined. These normal highlights can be summed up to shape a precise portrayal of the current issue. (www.wikipedia.com) Now, it is basic to portray the examination territory. The exploration region is information the board. This piece of the paper will contain the reasons all through the origination of the territory, with respect to why epistemology is less appropriate than cosmology for this specific research plan. The title of the paper is 'Assessing the Impact of Culture to Knowledge Management Designs, Tools and Implementations in Greece MNCs.' Research Problem This examination looks to explore the effect of culture in the plan, devices and the usage of information the executives in Greece. A cross-sectional investigation on five enterprises will be utilized as an example so as to test the connection of KM configuration, instruments, and execution and culture in Greece. Toward the finish of the investigation, a proposed KM configuration, apparatuses and usage technique will be suggested which can be utilized for different MNCs in Greece. This

December Random Thoughts and Suggestions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

December Random Thoughts and Suggestions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions December Random Thoughts and Suggestions Here are a few random thoughts and suggestions about UGA Admissions for December: When you are applying, please be sure you include the correct information in your application. Items are matched by name, social, date of birth, high school code, etc. If any of this information is incorrect it could prevent us from being able to match material to your file. If your social is not on your SAT/ACT, your scores may not match up automatically to your file. If the name on your exam does not match the name on your application, our system will not be able to match your scores to your file. If you find discrepanciesbetween information on your ACT/SAT and your application, please call us so we can manually match things. We are pretty much caught up with material submitted by mail. It can still take up to 10 business days for us to match material to a file (business days do not include weekends or holidays, only days that our office is open). We are able to accept any SAT/ACT that is taken in January for Regular Decision as long as you designate UGA as a school to automatically receive your test scores. Again, please be sure the name on your exam matches the name on your application. This is especially important if you did not use your social on your SAT and/or ACT. We will not start reviewing transfer decisions for summer applicants until late January at the earliest. We will begin looking at fall transfers after that. If you have any questions about when applications are reviewed, when we will begin to make decisions, etc., please review this post on Timelines. Our office will not be open from December 25 until January 2. This means any information sent during this time will not be matched up until we return and have a chance to start working again. We want to see your fall grades, so be sure to send an updated transcript or include them in the update section of your application. Please do not send in multiple copies of the same document. Once you have submitted something, we will need up to 8 to 10 business days to match that document to your file. If you send in multiple copies of the same document you have doubled or even tripled our work! Remember, no faxes! The shredder sits conveniently next to our fax machine for a reason. Enjoy the holiday break! Go Dawgs!

Ways To Influence On The Government - Free Essay Example

While many people often believe that they have a say in how the government is run, that usually isnt the case. Although there are countless ways to try and influence the government, many attempts are simply ineffective. And, while one cant dictate government policy, it is possible to influence the government. However, not all attempts, such as lobbying and elections, in doing so are successful. The bitter reality is, that whoever holds the money, is more often than not the one to influence the government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of many common ways used to try and influence the government, is through lobbying. A lobbyist is a person who tries to influence legislation on behalf of a special interest. Unlike other methods, lobbying can play a huge rule in influencing the government, because lobbyists start right at trying to influence the people who write the laws, the legislature. One example of lobbying would be the influence on the Food and Drug Administration agency to try and augment the budgets, with the argument that it was in the public interest. I believe that the efforts of lobbyists, when executed correctly, are capable of being extremely effective. However, I still dont find that many lobbyists work to influence the government for the people, so much as they do for the group or business they work for. But, the lobbying method is still an effective method, even if it doesnt guarantee the people a say.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another method of influencing the government, is through elections. Unlike lobbying, elections offer the people more of an option to put their say into whom they want to run the country, or run their state; for example, the countrys most recent presidential election, that boiled down to Trump and Clinton. The people had the option to place their respective votes for who they believed was best suited to run the country. However, I believe elections to be more ineffective than effective, because even though everyone of age can place their vote, the biggest determiner in who wins the election is the Electoral College and/or people with money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While there are countless methods to try and influence the government and the laws they create, I truly dont believe that the common citizen has a great deal of say in how the government is run. Being run, in majority, by rich white males since its birth, the government is run in a way that benefits the rich and itself more than the average people of the country. However, voting does offer citizens some say, but it does not offer as much as most people believe. As for lobbying, that does more often than other methods prove more effective, but is more often beneficial to businesses or people of higher status than it is of the average person. The bitter reality of the government, is that the people with the money have the most say, and the people with the money decide how the government is run. Bibliography: URL-https://www.dictionary.com/browse/lobbyist?s=t   Website Title- Dictionary.com Article Title- Lobbyist Date Accessed- July 26, 2018 URL- https://www.people-press.org/2015/11/23/8-perceptions-of-the-publics-voice-in-government-and-politics/ Website Title- Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Article Title- 8. Perceptions of the publics voice in government and politics Date Published- November 23, 2015 Date Accessed- July 27, 2018 URL- https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/07/power-quiz/395273/ Website Title- The Atlantic Article Title- How Much Political Power Do You Have? Date Published- June 23, 2015 Date Accessed- July 27, 2018 URL- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States Website Title- Wikipedia Article Title- Lobbying in the United States Date Published- July 20, 2018 Date Accessed- July 27, 2018

I Had The Privilege Of Attending An Event Put On By The...

I had the privilege of attending an event put on by the Hillel/Jewish Student Organization. The event took place on the campus of Central Michigan University January 27th, 2016, in Pearce Hall. The official name of this event was: â€Å"Holocaust Survivor Martin Lowenberg at Central Michigan University†, and it featured Mr. Martin Lowenberg himself as the presenter. Martin Lowenberg is 87 years old and is from Schenklengsfeld, Germany. He lived in Schenklengsfeld until his 8th birthday, when he was accused of sticking his tongue out at a picture of Adolf Hitler and was forced to sit on a board of nails as a punishment. After this incident, Martin, along with his other family members, decided to send him to a boarding school in Bad Nauheim, Germany so Martin could continue on with his education. After two years at the school, Martin and his family were forced to leave their home and move to Fulda Germany and live in apartments with the rest of the Jews from his town. One day w hile attending school, a rock went flying through the window and injured some of Martin’s fellow classmates. His teacher told the kids to run away and go home, the city was in flames. A few hours later German Nazi officers came up the stairs of Martin’s family’s apartment and told the family to come with them. They were taken to a ghetto in Riga Germany. Then, after living there for a few short months, the family was separated and taken to various concentration camps located all throughout Germany.Show MoreRelatedI Had The Privilege Of Attending An Event Put On By The Hillel / Jewish Student Organization1415 Words   |  6 PagesHolocaust Event I had the privilege of attending an event put on by the Hillel/Jewish Student Organization. The event took place on the campus of Central Michigan University January 27th, 2016, in Pearce Hall. The official name of this event was: â€Å"Holocaust Survivor Martin Lowenberg at Central Michigan University†, and it featured Mr. Martin Lowenberg himself as the presenter. Martin Lowenberg is 87 years old and is from Schenklengsfeld, Germany. He lived in Schenklengsfeld until his 8th birthday

The Global Production Network ( Gpn ) Of Coffee - 1443 Words

The 21st century has seen several companies cross international borders to look for new markets to conduct their business and increase shareholders’ return. The process was fuelled by opening of borders and advancement in transport mode and technology in the 21st century. The situation has complicated the attempts to fully understand the process of global production. However, the research and different literatures in the recent past have given customers and scholar a good read on forms of labour which go into producing the product or service, and how this work is globally distributed (Coe, Dicken and Hess 2008, p.274). The development has made customers to strongly know what they want and what they consume. Therefore, this essay will analyze the Global Production Network (GPN) of coffee and discuss who benefits most from the structure of this GPN. In the analysis, the essay will focus on three different aspects. First, the paper will analyze various forms of labour that go int o creating the product and how is this work globally distributed. The essay will also analyze how the value is captured at each stage of production distributed along the network. Lastly, the essay will focus on the institutional arrangements that explain the structure of this GPN. Global Production Network is a set of inter-organizational networks that are linked together in which a specific commodity is produced (Dickson, 2015). A global production network extends across national boundaries and

Literature Review Globalization and Competition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1467 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? LITERATURE REVIEW Commonly, promoting focuses on your wants of the owner, advertising and marketing within the needs of the buyer (customer). The intention of business is usually to acquire as well as hold a buyer. Or maybe, to make use of Andrew Drucker`s much more refined building to generate as well as hold a buyer. (Through item differentiation as well as cost competition) Intercontinental advertising and marketing entails your advertising and marketing of merchandise as well as companies beyond the organization`s house land. International advertising and marketing is a sophisticated type of overseas advertising and marketing which engages a lending broker inside advertising and marketing functions in many countries. Worldwide advertising and marketing means advertising and marketing activities synchronized as well as included across a number of areas. Technological innovation as well as globalization shapes the earth. The 1st allows ascertain man tastes; y our second, fiscal realities. Standardized consumer items, reduced price as well as technological innovation usually are tips regarding prosperous globalization. Your globalization of areas is at hands. With this, your international professional globe nears its stop, and so may your international business. Your world`s desires and needs are already irrevocably homogenized (market needs). This particular makes your international business outdated and the world wide business overall. No one can be risk-free via worldwide get to and the irresistible companies of level (reduction of prices as well as prices) as well as setting. Your international as well as worldwide business wont be the same thing. Your international business runs in a lot of countries as well as tunes it’s items as well as practices inside every single on substantial comparable prices. Worldwide advertising and marketing could be the technique of putting attention a good organization`s means within the collecti on as well as exploitation of worldwide industry chances consistent with as well as loyal of its quick as well as long-term ideal targets as well as targets. With this paper, my partner and I tried to analyze your techniques a firm competes inside worldwide surroundings by applying diverse practices. Individual’s practices change in many ways a company’s functionality as well as enthusiasm let. A corporation should be careful inside applying these practices prior to globalizing its functions. Simply because often these practices might crash as well as end in loss of benefit or even possibly closure of the business. I suggest helping audience for getting more information with this issue. For example, they might call the corporation, under secretariat of Overseas Deal, best Chambers of Commerce or even every other public or even personal corporation positioned in Egypt or even in another country. They will might also utilize any kind of stockpile or even web means. (Akka ya, 2005) Inside the area of overseas advertising and marketing, your question on the degree of standardization or even version possesses entertained a large component of beyond research. The issue, nevertheless extensively reviewed, hasnt been tired yet, given that, in-depth statistical examination as well as way of measuring of the comparable bodyweight of components affecting your decision will still be necessary to boost each of our knowledge on it. This particular study makes a substantial step toward removing that space and provides an important supplement both to help theoretical understanding and managerial programs on the subject. Vignali as well as Vrontis (1999) reveal until this question initiated since 1961, any time Elinder (1961) thought to be this with respect to worldwide marketing. In that period of time, marketing and the desire for overseas standardization ended up being in the centre of your question (Kanso as well as Kitchens, 2004). Intercontinental marketi ng standardization can have necessitated a standard marketing strategy regarding promotional advertisements of international enterprises. This particular question subsequently expanded via marketing to the promotional blend and today involves the complete advertising and marketing blend (Schultz as well as Kitchens, 2000; Kanso as well as Kitchens, 2004; Kitchens as well as de Pelsmacker, 2004). Remarkably, nearly 50 percent a hundred years later on, your question upon standardizing advertising and marketing internationally, can be constant (Vrontis as well as Kitchens, 2005). Even a cursory overview of your literary works pinpoints a couple of primary approaches together with amazing endurance, that is, version as well as standardization of overseas advertising and marketing practices. Ryans(2003) claim that in the last forty five decades there is a substantial expansion of school study in your community of overseas advertising and marketing standardization. During this era, scient ists applied much more superior statistical strategy. Furthermore, they explain which fiscal as well as aggressive situation have modified over that time period. Before, fiscal progress ended up being concentrated within the excessive of exports over imports. Organizations had been concentrated purely upon reducing expense as well as raising exports. However, as a result of improvements inside fiscal situation, firms understood which expense minimization by you can be inadequate. By means of changing, firms grew to become much more consumer oriented and more superior approaches had been made as well as given to ascertain as well as satisfy consumers’ needs. Fans of standardization considered areas because more and more homogeneous as well as worldwide inside setting as well as level as well as presumed the essential regarding your survival as well as expansion is a multinational’s ability to standardize merchandise as well as companies (Fatt, 1967; Buzzell, 1968; Levit t, 1983; Yip, 1996). Fans of standardization stipulate which customers needs; desires as well as demands tend not to vary significantly across areas or even nations around the world. The general conceptual disagreement can be the globe has grown more and more similar inside words of environmentally friendly components as well as consumer demands as well as no matter physical spots, customers develop the identical demands. For example, Levitt (1983) in a very landmark papers, suggested which standardization of the advertising and marketing blend and the design of an sole strategy for your worldwide industry, gives companies of level inside output as well as advertising and marketing as well as furthermore can be consistent with precisely what he or she termed your â€Å"mobile consumer†. Conversely, promoters of version like Kashani (1989) reveal problems inside by using a standard strategy and as a consequence assistance industry tailoring as well as version to fit your †Å"unique dimensions† of diverse overseas areas (Thrassou as well as Vrontis, 2006). More especially, supporters of the overseas Version University of Thought argue there are insurmountable variances concerning countries and also concerning locations in the identical land (Papavassiliou as well as Stathakopoulos, 1997). It is suggested which marketers usually are governed by numerous macro-environmental components, like climate, battle, topography, vocations, flavor, legislation, culture, technological innovation as well as modern society (Czinkota as well as Ronkainen, 1998). Paliwoda as well as Thomas (1999) broaden that number to include consumer preferences, disposable cash flow, taxation, nationalism, community work prices, literacy as well as numbers of education and learning. Fans with this university stipulate which international corporations need to find out how to change his or her marketing strategy as well as practices (marketing blend elements) in order to match in dustry demands. Each colleges of thought inside by themselves seem to be reasonable, logical as well as coherent, showcasing associate programs as well as benefits which a international business may attain by applying either strategy. It is only if 1 focuses on your excessive placement of either which they often times grow to be not practical as well as incoherent. Advertising and marketing reality regarding multinationals will not rest inside either of the a couple of polarized positions, because both operations may very well coexist, possibly within the identical business, manufacturer product line, or even manufacturer (Kitchen, 2003; Vrontis, 2003; Soufani et al., 2006).These particular papers swells upon present function on the subject to analyze your sophisticated interrelationship of assorted components concerned for the adoption of the couple of approaches (adaptation as well as standardization). This brings useful insights into your level as well as character with this conn ection as well as pinpoints sensible problems in relation to overseas advertising and marketing practices. Specially, that paper investigates your approaches used inside the greatest one thousand UK-based multinationals in terms of diverse industry accessibility procedures. â€Å"Multinationals† in the context with this study mean corporations which in turn are already running inside or even transferring to help unusual areas on the amount of no less than a few decades. Your appearance with this study stems from its superior statistical modeling strategy, which in turn corroborates beyond study via much more in-depth statistical examination; as well as via its results, that are fitted with shown the advertising and marketing good reasons yanking toward version or even standardization tend not to have the identical degree of relevance inside tactical conduct (marketing blend design). Furthermore, the analysis isolates these kinds of in â€Å"significant† as well as â₠¬Å"peripheral† versions as well as contains results in prescriptive results as well as managerial implication. (Vrontis, 2009) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Literature Review: Globalization and Competition" essay for you Create order

Womens Role in the Maintenance of the Industries Assignment

Essays on Women's Role in the Maintenance of the Industries Assignment The paper "Women's Role in the Maintenance of the Industries" is a wonderful example of an assignment on history. According to Thomas Dublin, the changes in the textile mills which included reduction of wages and an increase in the pace of work made women reconsider protest as the only way of saving themselves from oppression. This is evidenced by their involvement in strikes between 1834 and 1836 which quested to protest against wage cuts. Between 1843 and 1848, the women protested against the long working hours in the mills; they campaigned towards ensuring the working hours have been reduced (Richter 11).   The North and South varied in diverse ways. For instance, it is evident that the number of middle-class people was greater in the North than in the South. It is also evident that the North majored in industrialization as well as small farming whereas the South was agriculturists who relied entirely on the labor offered by slaves (Lasser and Robertson 343). Additionally, education was highly valued in the North than in the South; the majority of the Northerners were literate. These variations were among the reasons that made slavery to be highly practiced in the South than in the North. Additionally, these variations enhanced the reduction of manual labor (slavery) as well as labor costs in the North. It is also evident that literacy enhanced change of oppressive working conditions in the North. In the South, where slavery was highly practiced, black women worked on not only mines but also cotton farms as tillers. Unlike black women, white women participated in home chores as housewi ves (Smith 6). Additionally, it is evident that some white women were barred by their husbands from doing domestic works at the cost of the blacks. Unlike white women in the South, the majority of the white women in the North played a very significant role in the maintenance of the industries.

The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 32~33 Free Essays

Thirty-two Catfish and Estelle â€Å"That was a good guitar,† Catfish said. He had his arms around Estelle, who had pressed her face to his chest when the monster attacked Winston Krauss. â€Å"I didn’t realize,† Estelle said. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 32~33 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"I didn’t think it would do that.† Catfish stroked her hair. â€Å"That was a good car too. That car never broke.† Estelle pushed Catfish away and looked in his eyes. â€Å"You knew, didn’t you?† â€Å"What I knew is that boy wanted to get up close to a sea monster and that’s what he got. Case you didn’t notice, he was happy when it happened.† â€Å"What now?† â€Å"I think we ought to get you home, girl. You got some paintings gonna come out of this.† â€Å"Home? Are you coming with me?† â€Å"I ain’t got no car to go anywhere. I guess I am.† â€Å"You’re going to stay? You’re not afraid of losing the Blues and getting content?† Catfish grinned, and there was that gold tooth with the eighth note cut in it, glistening in the morning sunshine. â€Å"Dragon done ate my car, my guitar, my amp – girl, I got me enough Blues to last a good long time. I’m thinkin I’ll write me some new songs while you makin your paintings.† â€Å"I’d like that,† Estelle said. â€Å"I’d like to paint the Blues.† â€Å"Long as you don’t go cuttin your ear off like old Vincent. A man finds a one-eared woman stone unattractive.† Estelle pulled him tight. â€Å"I’ll do my best.† â€Å"Course, there was a woman I knowed down Memphis way, name of Sally, had only one leg. Called her One Leg Sally†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I don’t want to hear it.† â€Å"What you wanna hear?† â€Å"I want to hear the door closing behind us, the fire crackling in the stove, and the teakettle just coming to a whistle while my lovin man picks out ‘Walkin’ Man’s Blues’ on a National steel guitar.† â€Å"You easy,† Catfish said. â€Å"I thought you liked that,† she said, and she took his spidery hand in hers and led him up over the bluff to find a ride home. Theo and Molly Theo had never felt quite so overwhelmed in his entire life. He sensed that the excitement and the danger of it all was over, but he still felt as if a beast every bit as intimidating as the one that had just sunk into the sea was looming over him. He didn’t know if he had a job, or for that matter a home, since his cabin had been part of his pay. He didn’t even have his bong collection and victory garden to crawl into. He was confused and horrified by what had just happened, but not relieved that it was over. He stood there, not ten feet from where Molly Michon was standing in the surf, and he had no idea what the rest of his life had to offer him. â€Å"Hey,† he called. â€Å"You okay?† He watched her nod without turning around. The waves were breaking in front of her and foam and sea-weed was splashing up over her thighs, yet she stood there solid, staring out to sea. â€Å"You going to be okay?† Without turning, she said, â€Å"I haven’t been okay for years. Ask anybody.† â€Å"Matter of opinion. I think you’re okay.† Now she looked over her shoulder at him, her hair in a tangle from the wind, tear tracks down her face. â€Å"Really?† â€Å"I’m a huge fan.† â€Å"You had never heard of my movies until you came to my trailer, had you?† â€Å"Nope. I’m a huge fan, though.† She turned and walked out of the surf toward him, and a smile was breaking there on her face. A smile with too much history to it, but a smile nonetheless. â€Å"The narrator says you did good,† she said. â€Å"The narrator?† Theo found himself smiling too, as close to crying as he had come since his father had died, but smiling nonetheless. â€Å"Yeah, it’s this voice I hear when I don’t take my meds for a while. He’s kind of a prick, but he’s got a better sense of judgment than I do.† She was right there in front of him now – looking up at him, a hand on her hip, a challenge in that movie-star smile – looking more like Kendra the Warrior Babe than she ever had in the posters, the five-inch-long scar standing glorious over her left breast, seawater and grime streaking her body, a look in her eyes that comes from watching your future get nuked – repeatedly. She took his breath away. â€Å"Do you think the three of us could go out to dinner sometime?† â€Å"I’m on the rebound, you know?† His heart sank. â€Å"I understand.† She walked around him and started up the bluff. He followed her, understanding for the first time how the pilgrims had felt following the Sea Beast to the cave. â€Å"I didn’t say no,† Molly said. â€Å"I just thought you ought to know. The narrator is warning me not to talk about my ex over dinner.† His heart soared. â€Å"I think a lot of people are going to be talking about your ex.† â€Å"You’re not intimidated?† â€Å"Of course. But not by him.† â€Å"The narrator says it’s a bad idea. Says the two of us put together might make one good loser.† â€Å"Wow, he is a prick.† â€Å"I’ll get some meds from Dr. Val and he’ll go away.† â€Å"You’re sure that’s good idea?† â€Å"Yeah,† she said, turning back to him again before climbing up to where the pilgrims waited. â€Å"I’d like to be alone with you.† Skinner What the man in the driver’s seat didn’t seem to understand was that as far as this Mercedes was concerned, Skinner was the alpha male. The man smelled of fear and anger and aggression, as well as gunpowder and sweat, and Skinner didn’t like him from the moment he got into the car: Skinner’s new mobile territory. So Skinner had to show him, and he did so in the traditional way, by clamping his jaws over the Challenger’s throat and waiting for him to take a submissive posture. The man had struggled and even hit Skinner, but hadn’t said bad-dog, bad-dog, so Skinner just growled and tightened his jaws until he tasted blood and the man was still. Skinner was still waiting for the Challenger to submit when the Tall Guy opened the car door. â€Å"Good dog, Skinner. Good dog,† Theo said. â€Å"Get this fucking animal off me,† the Challenger said. Skinner wagged his tail and tightened his jaws until the Challenger made a gurgling sound. The Tall Guy scratched his ears and put some metal on the Challenger’s paws. â€Å"Let go now, Skinner,† the Tall Guy said. â€Å"I’ve got him.† Skinner let go and licked Theo’s face before the constable dragged the sheriff out onto the ground and stood on the back of his neck with one foot. The Tall Guy tasted like lizard spit. That was strange. Skinner considered it a moment, then his doggie attention span ran out and he bounded out of the car to go see what the Food Guy was doing in the back of the truck. The Tall Guy’s female was breaking out the back window of the truck with a metal stick. Skinner barked at her, trying to tell her not to hurt the Food Guy. Good Guys â€Å"Is the creature still there?† Gabe asked Molly as he climbed out of the back of the Suburban. Skinner was frisking and jumping on him, and with the handcuffs he couldn’t ward off the damp affection. â€Å"Down, boy. Down.† â€Å"No, he’s gone,† Molly said as she helped Val and Howard out of the Suburban. She nodded to Val. â€Å"Hi, Doc. I think I’ve had an episode or something. You’ll have to debrief me in session or something.† Valerie Riordan nodded. â€Å"I’ll check my calendar.† Theo came around the back of the Mercedes. â€Å"You guys okay?† â€Å"You have your key?† Gabe asked, turning his back to Theo to show the handcuffs. â€Å"We heard shots,† Val said. â€Å"Did†¦?† â€Å"One of the SWAT team is dead. Burton shot him. A few of your patients are scraped and bruised, but they’ll be okay. Winston Krauss was eaten.† â€Å"Eaten?† The color ran out of Val’s face. â€Å"Long story, Val,† Theo said. â€Å"Mavis set it all up after you guys left. Catfish and Estelle came in and drew the monster out. Winston was sort of the bait.† â€Å"Oh my god!† Val said. â€Å"She said something about my not being in trouble.† Theo held his finger to his lips to shush her, then nodded to where Sheriff Burton lay on the ground. â€Å"It never happened, Val. None of it. I don’t know a thing.† He spun her around and unlocked her handcuffs. Then did the same for Gabe and Howard. The gaunt restaurateur seemed more morose than usual. â€Å"I had really hoped to lay eyes on the creature.† â€Å"Me too,† said Gabe, putting his arm around Valerie. â€Å"Sorry,† Theo said. To Val he said, â€Å"The reporters from those helicopters are going to be here in a few minutes. If I were you, I’d get out of here.† He handed her the keys to the Mercedes. â€Å"The district attorney is sending a deputy to pick up Burton, so I’m going to stay here. Will you give Molly a ride back into town?† â€Å"Of course,† Val said. â€Å"What are you going to tell the reporters?† â€Å"I don’t know,† Theo said. â€Å"Deny everything, I guess. It depends on what they ask and what they got on tape. Having lived most my life in denial, I may be perfectly suited for dealing with them.† â€Å"I’m sorry I was – I’m sorry I doubted your abilities, Theo.† â€Å"So did I, Val. I’ll call you guys and let you know what’s going on.† Gabe called Skinner and they loaded into the Mercedes, leaving Theo and Molly facing each other. Theo looked at his shoes. â€Å"I guess I’ll be seeing you.† She stretched up and kissed him on the cheek. Then without a word she crawled into the back of the Mercedes with Howard and Skinner and closed the door. Theo watched them back away, then turn and head across the pasture and out of the cattle gate. â€Å"You’re going down with me, Crowe!† Burton screamed from the ground. Theo spotted something shiny lying in the grass near the back of the Suburban and went over to it. It was Molly’s broadsword. He felt a smile breaking out as he picked it up and went over to where Burton was lying. â€Å"You have the right to remain silent,† Theo said. â€Å"I suggest you exercise that right. Immediately.† Theo plunged the sword into the ground half an inch from Burton’s face and watched the sheriff’s eyes go wide. Thirty-three Winter Winter in Pine Cove is a pause, a timeout, an extended coffee break. A slowness comes over the town and people stop their cars in the street to talk with a passing neighbor without worrying about a tourist honking his horn so he can get on with his relaxing vacation (damn it!). Waiters and hotel clerks go to part-time shifts and money slows to a creep. Couples spend their nights at home in front of the fireplace as the smell of rain-washed wood smoke fills the air, and single people resolve to move somewhere where life is a full-time sport. Winter near the shore is cold. The wind kicks up a salty mist and elephant seals come to shore to trumpet and rut and birth their pups. Retired people put sweaters on their lap dogs and drag them down the street on retractable leashes in a nightly parade of doggie humiliation. Surfers don their wetsuits against the chill of storm waves and white sharks adjust their diets to in-clude shrink-wrapped dude-snacks on fiberglass crackers. But the chill is crisp and forgiving and settles in a way so that the town’s collective metab-olism can slow into semihibernation without a shock. At least that’s the way it is most winters. After the coming of the Sea Beast, winter was a juggernaut, a party, an irritation and a windfall. News footage from the helicopters was beamed out over satellites and Pine Cove displaced Roswell, New Mexico, as the number one crackpot travel destination. There wasn’t much on the tapes, just a crowd of people gathered on the shore and the fuzzy image of something large in the water, but with the footprints and the eyewitness accounts, it was enough. Shops filled with cheesy ser-pent souvenirs and H.P.’s Cafe added to the menu a sandwich called the Theosaurus, which was the official scientific name of the Sea Beast (coined by biologist Gabriel Fenton). The hotels filled, the streets congested, and Mavis Sand actually had to hire a second bartender to help serve the im-ported wackos. Estelle Boyet opened her own gallery on Cypress Street where she sold her new series of paintings enigmatically entitled Steve, as well as the new Catfish Jefferson CD entitled The What Do I Do Now That I’m Happy? Blues. As the story of the Sea Beast spread and was sensationalized, interest rose in an obscure B-movie actress named Molly Michon. Discs and videocassettes of the Warrior Babe series were remastered and rereleased to an enthusiastic audience, and the Screen Actors Guild came down on the producers like an avenging accountant angel to capture a piece of the profits for Molly. Valerie Riordan’s practice stabilized as she struck a balance between therapy and medication and she was able to schedule a sabbatical to join her fianc? ¦, Gabe Fenton, on an oceanographic expedition aboard a Scripps vessel to look for evidence of the Theosaurus in the deep trenches off California. After he testified against John Burton, putting him away for life, winter settled on Theophilus Crowe like a warm blessing. In the second month of his recovery, he realized that his addiction to marijuana had been nothing more than a response to boredom. Like the child who whines away a summer day because there’s nothing to do, but makes no effort to actually do anything, Theo had simply lacked the ambition to entertain himself. Sharing his life with Molly solved the problem, and Theo found that although he was often exhausted by the demands of his job and his lover, he was never bored. Molly’s trailer was moved to the edge of the ranch by his cabin. Every morning they shared a hearty breakfast pizza at her place. In the evening, they ate dinner on his cable spool table. She answered his calls while he was at work, and he ran interference with the geeky fans who were rabid enough to seek her out at the ranch. Not a day passed that he did not tell Molly how special she w as to him, and as time passed, the narrator in her head fell silent and never spoke again. There was no winter in the deep submarine trench off California, two miles down. Everything was as it had been: a dark pressurized sameness where the Sea Beast lay by his black smoker, grieving for love lost. He stopped grazing on deep water worms that grew on the rocks and his great body began to waste away under the weight of the water and the years. He had resolved never to move again – to lie there until his great heart stopped and with it the throb of heartbreak – when sensor cells along his flanks picked up a signal. Something he had not felt for half a century, the signature of a creature he thought he would never feel again. He flipped his tail and shook off the crust of loneliness that had settled over him, and that organ buried deep beneath his reptile brain picked up a message coming from the female. Roughly translated, it said, â€Å"Hey, sailor, want to get lucky?† How to cite The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 32~33, Essay examples

Compared With The Rest Of Their Competitors In The Stock Market

Question: Discuss About Compared With the Rest of Their Competitors in the Stock Market? Answer: Introducation: Mean return is expected payoff that a security is likely to earn (Baillie, R. T 1990).The actual return may revolve around this return because this is just an expectation i.e it may be lower or higher than the expected. A company that has got higher mean is preferred than the one with the lower mean. This is because a higher mean is an indication that there is a probability that, that particular company shall earn higher returns based on data from previous periods. The mean return for Market, Inception ltd and Retract ltd is $15.7,$1.28 and $0.27.Thus between the two company, Inception limited has a higher return compared to Retract ltd and hence Inception would be highly preferred by prospective investors than its counterpart, However the two company`s returns is very low compared to market return which indicates that the two companies are performing poorly when compared with the rest of their competitors in the stock market. Standard Deviation Standard deviation is used to assess the volatility of the security return. It measure how the security`s returns is likely to deviate from the expected return. The higher the standard deviation of a security the higher the risk i.e the return is likely to vary with a high degree of magnitude from the expected return.The standard deviation for the market is 66%,Inception ltd is 6.67% and that for Retract ltd is 6%.Thus the market return is likely to vary by 66% from the expected return.The return for Inception is likely to vary by 6.67% from the expected return and for Retract is 6%.This means that inception company is riskier than Retract ltd. Coefficient Of Variation Coefficient of variation is the standard deviation divided by its mean, it is a ratio and hence unitless.It is a measure of dispersion of data and therefore describe the amount of variability relative to the mean. Inception ltd has CV of 5.2% and Retract ltd has a CV of 22.2%.This means that Retract ltd security returns are more spread from the mean than that of Inception ltd. Correlation Coefficient Correlation Coefficient shows how individual securities are related to one another. The relation can be positive or negative;. In our case the correlation coefficient between Inception and Retract ltd is 0.005 which indicates a weak positive correlation between the two securities. This means that if one of the security prices increases or decreases the other security price increases and decreases by less than proportion. Standard Deviation of A Portfolio This is the deviation from the expected return of two or more securities held together. As evident from the calculation above the standard deviation of a portfolio is 0.22% .This is lower than that of individual securities e.g. by 6.47% for Inception and 5.8% for Retract ltd. Thus holding a portfolio is by far less risky than holding individual securities. Beta Beta measures the risk of individual security that has been held together in a portfolio. It measures the responsiveness of a security to movement in the market portfolio (Black, F.1993). A beta of 1.5% as for the case of Inception ltd means that for every 1% change in the market, the inception security will likely moves 1.5%.This means that inception security is 1.5 times more volatile than the market. For Retract ltd a beta of 1.7% means that a change in 1% in the market causes the security to change by 1.7%.Thus Retract ltd security is 1.7 times as volatile as the market. References Baillie, R. T., DeGennaro, R. P. 1990. Stock Returns and Volatility. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 25, 203-214 Black, F. (1993). Beta and return. Journal of Portfolio Management, 20, 8-18. R. MacCrimmon, D. A. Wehrung. 1986. Taking Risks: The Management of Uncertainty. New York: Free Press. Pettengill, G., Sundaram, S., Mathur, I. 1995. The Conditional Relation Beta and Returns. Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis, 30, 101-116. Fama, E. F., MacBeth, J. 1973. Risk, return and equilibrium: Empirical tests. Journal of Political Economy, 81, 607-636

American Climb free essay sample

The True American Climb There is a difference between an intelligent or knowledgeable student and a â€Å"smart† student. Perseverance. I am the â€Å"smart† student. It’s a Thursday night and the teacher assigned a four page problem set in an AP Physics class. Two students set off to work on their problems. One finishes within two hours—skipping over the questions they couldn’t understand. I am the â€Å"smart† student. The one who spends two hours on one question†¦the one who will work continuously struggling to find the answer. I am the one not worried about what’s going on later that night until the solution is found. I once had a dream. A dream of a climb. With each step, a new level of wisdom was achieved. When climbing this mountain, I had no idea what each step would bring. There were two possibilities: success or struggle. In this dream, with each step, thoughts raced through the brain, wondering if I was going to fall. We will write a custom essay sample on American Climb or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sweat dripped down my face, as I wondered whether or not to push through the pressure and decisions. I take the step. My weight gave out†¦I’m fell down the mountain, not knowing whether or not survival was possible. The point of decision was reached. As I would in the real life, I survived the knockout blow, and pushed through the only thing stopping me: Myself. Perseverance. How far will I push to get to my goal? How much pain and struggle will I push through to obtain what I desired? It’s not who I say I am that defines me—but my actions which prove it. Perseverance. The actions that define me. The actions that prove I am willing to take that one step without the fear of falling. Because when you fall†¦ there is always a way to climb your way back up the mountain.

Power elites essays

Power elites essays Society is composed of two kinds of individuals, according to Mills. First kind is the majority of the ordinary people who do not have the power to govern the driving forces of society. The second kind is the power elite who have the power to rule the political, economic and military establishments, and create historical changes. Mills states that the old means of power such that family, religion and education have left their place to politics, economics and military. Each of these domains has become very interrelated, centralized and enlarged with improving technology. Economy, politics and military are increasingly interlocking and giving rise to the power elite that makes primal decisions in the modern capitalist society. Power elite is not simply composed of the ones who own the most money, power and prestige but it is also through having access to these pivotal institutions people can have power. So, power is not positioned in individuals but in institutions. People in power eli te form a social class that is defined as the inner circle of upper social classes with their interconnected relations. Upper strata in America is less visible than anywhere else because it has never passed through a feudal stage and never had an aristocrat class, so American elite emerged from a middle class with no aristocrat opposites. The elite in society are defined in humanist or moral criteria. According to humanists, people are elite because of their intrinsic characteristics. The moral conception mentions that the experiences and trainings of people make them elite. American elite are considered in two ways as being omnipotent or impotent. According to the view that elite is omnipotent, elite is the invisible agent of power. The opposite view that elite is impotent offers that elite is invisible because of its multitude characteristic and there is no coherency within elite. Within the nation two views are considered such that speaking about the pow...

8 Signs Someone Is Lying To You

8 Signs Someone Is Lying To You It is possible to tell when someone is lying to you. Though, hopefully, it could just be nervousness, there are a few red flags that you could keep an eye out for. Any significant combination of the  following tells just might show you the truth about the person in front of you. 1. Voice ChangeIf their voice or general demeanor changes dramatically, this is definitely a sign of discomfort- and quite possibly a lie.2. Psychological DistanceAre they going out of their way to avoid saying â€Å"I† or â€Å"me†? It could be that, consciously or not, they’re trying to put distance between themselves and the lie they’re telling.3. Too Many Right AnswersThis may sound counterintuitive, but if someone has an answer for absolutely everything, you might be a bit suspicious. Most people need to pause to think about their answer to unexpected questions- at least every once in a while. If someone is parroting answers that seem rehearsed and polished and super quick o ff the cuff? That could be an indication of a lie.4. â€Å"I Swear†If the person is proclaiming his or her honestly continuously (â€Å"to tell the truth†¦,† â€Å"to be perfectly honest†¦,† etc.) then they doth protest too much. Actually honest people simply tell the truth without having to broadcast that they’re doing so.5. Fidgeting/FussingIf the person changes their head position rapidly, or can’t stay still, or starts breathing differently, these are all great physical tells that you might be getting fibbed at- especially if they cover their mouth or shuffle their feet or instinctively cover sensitive body parts. Watch the body language for all these clues.6. Difficulty SpeakingIf you watch police confession videos, it sometimes seems like the perp has a hard time getting his or her words out. This is due to an autonomic nervous system reaction that dries the mouth in times of stress. Lip biting and lip pursing aren’t good sig ns either.7. No BlinkingNormal people blink every few seconds. People who are lying might be going overboard to prove they’re maintaining solid eye contact with you by staring a little too strong or too much.8. PerspirationLiterally, you are making this person sweat. If they’re stewing this badly, then chances are they aren’t telling you the truth.

Project Portfolio Management Concepts Research Paper

Project Portfolio Management Concepts - Research Paper Example His essay shall identify 4 articles that address Project Portfolio management and then evaluate the quality and utility of each. However, the subject matter shall focus on the article considered to be bearing the highest quality and utility. The following 4 articles were chosen for the analysis: How to Implement management of Portfolio within 100 days, Craig Kilford, N.Y: Stationery Office, 2013. Internet resource {http://www.best-management-practice.com/gempdf/How_to_implement_MoP_ONS_Case_Study.pdf} The author of this article, Craig Kilford has worked as an Interim Deputy Director of Portfolio Management in the office for the National Statistics. He is also a regular blogger at www.MrPortfolioManagement.com. He is also a motivational speaker at various business conferences. His achievements in the field of Portfolio invoke the public to catch his writings. In the article ‘How to implement management of Portfolio within 100 days,’ Craig tells the audiences about the doà ¢â‚¬â„¢s and don’ts which they practiced when their organization, the Office for National Statistics intended to implement a Project for managing a Portfolio within a period of a hundred days. He highlights the position of the ONS before the implementation, the journey towards delivering the portfolio, the unit model for delivering the portfolio, the portfolio Governing model and the future of the ONS. Craig also highlights the top 8 requirements that are crucial for the implementation of the Project Portfolio Management within a period of 100 days. Project Portfolio Management, Gartner, N. J: Wiley, 2013. Internet Resource. {http://www.gartner.com/it/content/911400/911412/project_portfolio_mgmt_excerpt.pdf} This article does not highlight the achievement s of the author, but it seem to be focused on its subject matter: Project Portfolio management: A view from the management trenches. The article highlights the features of a successful Project Management Portfolio, the metho ds of optimizing the capacity of an organization, the checkpoints of a good Project Management Portfolio, how to incorporate changes in to a Project Management Portfolio, the Project Management Portfolio tiers, the areas to put up a Project Management Portfolio, the period and reasons when a Project Management Portfolio should be established, the foundational principles and tools for establishing a Project Management Portfolio. The articles targets the business community as its primary audiences, however, the interested public would also find the message to be vital. Project Portfolio Management:Metrics that Work, James C. B., 2012. Internet Resource. {http://www.bw.edu/academics/cpd/forums/Project_Portfolio_Management_March_2011.pdf} There is no clear information about the author, James Brown. Howevr, he is the current manager of the Research Portfolio Managing Officer of the Pionner Hi-Bred International. The article highlights the interests of any Project Portfolio management, th e mandatory contents of a Project Portfolio

Potential impacts of climate change on food security Essay

Potential impacts of climate change on food security - Essay Example This is in either temperature or a decrease, as well as in precipitation since climate change does not affect certain areas in the same way. Current Trends A look at the production of food following the changes in climate, thanks to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, reveals that food production is bound to increase based on a number of factors. This is especially so in the case of regions that grow ice, maize and wheat, as carbon dioxide increases yields of these crops, but that implies that other regions not growing these crops as set to be left out in the bumper harvest (Parry et al, 2004). As per research, the most adversely affected regions are those found in sub-Saharan Africa, with the largest variation in cereal production, in a negative level. As for most of Asia, and all of Australia, increases in food production will be increased. As a result, Africa is the only region to suffer from reduced food security, whilst areas close to the north pole suffer seco nd, and the rest of the world experiences improved food security. Carbon and climate change All across the globe, one of the most common causes of climate change is carbon emission that leads to increases in temperature, which begs the question what are the effects of this gas on the climate. This has been concluded that carbon dioxide is a chief contributor to global warming, which is part of why the climate is changing to be warmer in some areas, while others get cooler. As a result, the use of alternative sources of energy that do not entail then emission of carbon into the atmosphere should be encouraged and can be encouraged by use of statistical or empirical data obtained from environmental studies on climate change. One of the ways in which climate change can be mitigated by application of natural resources and sustainability option is through use of renewable resources that have minimal impact on the environment. Those that contain trace amounts of carbon can be used as they do not release any carbon into the atmosphere and temperatures remain stable. Implications of this are that food production remains the same throughout time, and in spite of economic and agricultural activities. Resource sustainability Although there are studies that are indicative of food sustainability through climate change, the larger percentage of the human population is bound to remain in poor nutrition due to food insecurity owing to poor distribution of food resources. The use of renewable resources such as wind power are bound to mitigate these climate changes in that African regions experiencing drastic changes in reduced food production, all thanks to carbon emissions, get to enjoy similar food distribution trends. In addition, climate change can be mitigated to ensure food security by using soil conservation measures, where soil is a renewable resource, and its conservation is a guarantee for agricultural productivity. Because of these conservation efforts maintaining m oisture in the soil adds up to conservation efforts that are a largely required to ensure that soil as a renewable resource is kept intact and highly productive. This then highlights the need for water conservation, as water is a renewable resource, and one that requires the extended use of conservation to balance many other aspects such as maintain

Analysis On Financial Statements Economics Essay

Analysis On Financial Statements Economics Essay ATandT Inc. (NYSE: T) is a United States telecommunications corporation headquartered in Texas. Founded in 1983 as SBC Communications, it became ATT Inc. upon purchase of ATT Corporation in 2005. It is the leading U.S. provider of wire-line and wireless communications. ATT delivers 3G wireless services through ATT Mobility LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary. Other major segments include broadband internet, digital television, directory publishing, and business communications. In 2006, ATT Inc. acquired BellSouth communications corporation, valued at $86 billion, absorbing its wire-line, wireless, and broadband interests. ATT has stated specific future goals in 4G wireless, speech recognition, telehealth, and digital convergence. Recently, ATT selected Alcatel-Lucent and Ericsson as equipment providers for its LTE (4G) wireless deployments. ATT has over 150 million customers and 280,000 employees. ATT reported a $124 billion operating revenue and $23 billion net income as of Dec. 31, 2008. Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE: VZ) is a United States telecommunications corporation headquartered in New York. It was founded in 1983 as Bell Atlantic. Bell Atlantic acquired GTE Corp. in 2000 and changed its name to Verizon Communications Inc. It is the second largest U.S. provider of wire-line and wireless voice services. Verizon Wireless is a joint venture, with Vodafone Group holding 45 percent ownership. Through its FiOS product, Verizon provides fiber-optic delivery of internet, television, and digital voice. Other major operations include IP networks, applications, and professional services for business. In 2008, Verizon stated its goal to surpass ATT as the U.S. market leader in wireless voice and data communications in the United States. It is aggressively pushing fiber-optic deployments to combat industry-wide access-line losses. Verizon has over 91 million customers and 220,000 employees. Verizon reported a $97 billion operating revenue and $6.5 billion net income as of Dec. 31, 2008. Balance Sheet unusual items ATT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At Dec. 31, 2008, ATT reported a current ratio of 0.53, and a long-term assets / long-term liabilities ratio of 1.92. This mismatching indicates that too much short-term financing has been used to acquire long-term assets. ATT may have problems meeting its short-term obligations without additional refinancing. If additional financing cannot be obtained, a lack of asset liquidity poses a bankruptcy risk. At Dec. 31, 2008, ATT reported goodwill at $71.8 billion, accounting for about 27% of their total reported assets. This stems from ATTs aggressive acquisition strategy. The high amount poses a great asset impairment risk. Only losses, not gains, can be recorded for goodwill. If the acquired entities lose value, as judged by an annual impairment test, the loss of recorded assets and corresponding write-offs against stockholders equity can be substantial. Verizon:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At Dec. 31, 2008, Verizon reported wireless licenses valued at $62.0 billion. These are indefinite-lived intangible asset which account for 30.6% of Verizons total assets. Wireless licenses are extremely important for a telecommunications company, but placing such large valuation on an intangible is a serious risk. Estimating fair value is very subjective, and any significant write-offs (as judged by a periodic impairment test) could threaten stockholders confidence. At Dec. 31, 2008, Verizon reported cash and cash equivalents of $9.8 billion. Having such a large amount of cash and cash equivalents (investments with a maturity of 90 days or less) is good for liquidity. However, a significant portion of this $9.8 billion could be converted to less-liquid, higher-interest investments that mature within a year, or even long-term investments. Having so much cash-on-hand is a problem because it is not being invested to return additional value to the business. Income Statement unusual items ATT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At Dec. 31, 2008, ATT reported basic earnings-per-share of $2.17. During the same period, their nearest market competitor, Verizon, reported $2.26 basic earnings-per-share. To the common stockholder, this is one of the most important factors to attract and maintain investment. Unless ATT can achieve higher earnings-per-share, investors will be more likely to invest in their competitors, posing a threat to ATTs future growth. At Dec. 31, 2008, ATT recorded a net other income (expense) of -$589 million (versus +$615 million in 2007). A closer look at Note 4 to the financial statements reveals that this is entirely attributable to Consolidation and Elimination expenses. Reorganization due to acquisition and restructuring has been a significant part of ATTs market-growth strategy, but they must take care not to incur excessive expenses for the sake of growth. That could lead to an overall loss of competitiveness and lack of stockholders confidence. Verizon:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At Dec. 31, 2008, Verizon recorded a net income of $6.4 billion. Their nearest market competitor, ATT, posted a net income of $12.9 billion. In terms of absolute numbers, this gives Verizon less power in the market and also serves as an indication to investors that Verizon might not be managing its finances well enough. Income is essential to future value creation and expansion, so Verizon should strive to improve operational efficiency and attain an income thats more aligned with (or better than) its competitor. At Dec. 31, 2008, Verizon recorded a net profit margin (ratio of net income to revenues) of only .066, up from their 2007 profit margin of .059, but still lower than their 2006 profit margin of .070. In general, Verizons profit margin seems low compared to other U.S. telecommunications corporations (especially ATT), a sign of managements inability to generate strong returns. This weak financial performance should raise concerns for shareholders and financers, and it poses a survival risk to Verizon. Cash Flow Statement unusual items ATT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 2008, ATT issued $9.5 billion in dividends to stockholders (which has been increasing gradually since 2004). Consistent dividends are good to attract sustained stockholders confidence and investment, but a dividend payout of $9.5 billion is unusually high. By paying out too many excess funds to stockholders, ATT may be missing out on more lucrative investment opportunities that would generate better returns. In 2008, ATT reported $5.6 billion in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. This amount, due to ATTs suppliers or banks, must be paid off within 12-months in order to avoid default. This significantly high amount is a constraint against ATTs working capital. If the company is not able to fully pay off the debt in time, its future operations could be hindered. Verizon:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 2008, Verizon reported net $15.9 billion in acquisitions of licenses, investments, and businesses. Such a substantial investment introduces a high level of business risk. If Verizons investments do not demonstrate profitability, not only will significant funds have gone to waste, but more doubt will be cast on the corporations future investing decisions by investors and financers. In 2008, Verizon accumulated net cash inflows from financing activities of $13.6 billion. In particular, $21.6 billion were proceeds from long-term borrowing, while there was a repayment of only $4.1 billion in long-term borrowing and capital lease obligations. It seems that Verizon is using this leverage to achieve their investing activities discussed previously. Such aggressive financing this fiscal year can put heavy constraints on Verizons ability to acquire additional financing in future years. Verizon is in a precarious position where, if they cannot repay the financing in a timely manner, they enter a high risk of declining into bankruptcy. Notes to Financial Statements unusual items ATT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At Dec. 31, 2008, ATT reported that $14.1 billion of its outstanding debt would mature within one year, compared to just $6.9 billion in the previous year (see Note 8). This current debt introduces a liquidity problem, since ATT must be able to generate enough cash in the next year to repay its financers. This is a significant business risk for AT&T; if it is unable to cover its debts in time, its future financing options will be limited and its business operations could be in jeopardy. As of Jan. 1, 2007, ATT indicated a loss of $123 million in goodwill related to the settlement of IRS audit in its wireless segment (see Note 6). Excess goodwill is already a problem because a high risk of asset impairment is introduced, but devaluation due to an IRS audit raises serious concerns about managements judgment for proper accounting. Investors are cautious about missteps such as this, and a recurring incident could further unsettle their confidence in ATT. Verizon:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Jan. 9, 2009 (beyond the reporting date of the financial statements), Verizons wireless segment closed the acquisition of Alltel Corporation, paying $5.9 billion for its equity, but also acquiring $22.2 billion of its debt obligations (see Note 2). Acquiring such a massive debt puts Verizon at a significant financing risk. The notes reveal that Verizon has relied on credit to immediately cover the acquisition cost and debt prepayments, with $2.5 billion debt that remains outstanding. Verizon faces potential insolvency in other words, a high risk of adequate repayment and future refinancing. At Dec. 31, 2008, Verizon reported obligations for all defined benefit pension plans at $29.4 billion (see Note 15). The future collection of this large liability poses a financial risk to Verizon, should they not be suitably prepared to cover the costs. Along with Verizons already large debt obligations, this is a noteworthy threat to the companys viability. Balance Sheet differences At Dec. 31, 2008, ATT had a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.75 (total liabilities / total equity) and Verizon had a debt-to-equity ratio of 3.85. ATT and Verizon hold similar levels of total liabilities ($169 and $161 billion, respectively), but ATT has a great deal more stockholders equity ($96.3 versus $41.7 billion, respectively). ATTs much larger stockholder interest provides increased financial flexibility and an ability to service its debt, in comparison to Verizon which should be more cautious in its debt accumulation, at risk of being unable to generate enough cash to satisfy its debt obligations. ATTs lower debt-to-equity ratio may boost stockholders confidence since their investments are better protected in the event of business decline. On the other hand, ATTs lower debt-to-equity ratio may signify that it is not taking advantage of enough financial leverage to generate increased profits. At Dec. 31, 2008, ATT lists Customer Lists and Relationships as a long-term asset valued at net $10.6 billion. Verizon does not such an item listed on their balance sheet, but Note 4 to the financial statements reveals that customer lists and relationships are a net $820 million component of Other Intangible Assets. This item is a limited-life intangible asset, and is subject to amortization accumulation. The relatively similar size of each companys customer base suggests that these valuations shouldnt be so drastically different. Estimating fair value of customer lists and relationships is very subjective, based on how each company judges the ability to generate returns. ATTs high valuation compared to Verizon leads to higher annual write-offs of the asset. Stockholders confidence could be shaken by too high write-offs arising from higher valuations, so Verizons more conservative valuation may be safer in the long-term. Income Statement differences As of 2008, ATTs income statements divide operating revenues into five segments: wireless service, voice, data, directory, and other. Verizons income statement only specifies a catch-all operating revenues item, but Note 17 to the financial statements identifies two segments: domestic wireless and wireline. Both companies wireless segments are equivalent in scope. Verizons wireline segment is the equivalent of ATTs voice data segments combined. Notably, ATT has a more diversified business portfolio, including its directory services which include the publishing of print directories, directory advertising, internet-based advertising, and local search; and the other segment which includes information services, payphone, and corporate operations. The presentation of ATTs income statement emphasizes their diversity of operations in comparison to Verizon. This shows two different approaches to business diversification. For Verizon, if one of its two segments were to fail, the financial i mpact would be catastrophic. For ATT, the failure of a single segment would be less severe on the company as a whole. Verizon lists minority interest as a distinct item under operating income with a recorded expense of $6.16 billion. ATT does not list a distinct item, but Note 4 to its financial statements indicate that $256 million of minority interest expense is part of its other income (expense) item. Minority interest expense refers to the share of profit belonging to minority shareholders. In this case, Vodafone owns a 45% interest in Verizon Wireless and receives that share of the generated income. For Verizon, this is a very large amount of income that it could be collecting for itself, if it was to take full control of its wireless subsidiary. If Verizon recognized the full income of its wireless subsidiary, its overall net income would be more competitive with ATT. Also, by giving Vodafone such a large stake in its wireless subsidiary, there is the potential for a future takeover. Cash Flow Statement differences In 2008, Verizon recorded $13.6 billion in net cash provided by financing activities, while ATT recorded $4.7 billion in net cash used in financing activities. That is, Verizon acquired net debt in its financing activities, while ATT was able to pay back more financing that it acquired. Because of this, ATT shows more financial solvency than Verizon, as its ability to repay previous financing activities boosts shareholder confidence and enhances its record as a reliable borrowing partner for future financing. Verizons big borrowing introduces significant business risks and a potential for bankruptcy if their operations dont return considerable income. On the other hand, Verizons aggressive financing activities may prove beneficial if it uses the finances to successfully grow its market-share, which would be a threat to ATT. In 2008, Verizon recorded $1.4 billion of purchase of common stock for treasury, while ATT recorded $6.1 billion of the same. The goal of these treasury stock repurchases is to increase the value of the shares held by stockholders. Both ATT and Verizon have repurchased shares over the past 5 years, with ATT averaging $4.3 billion in repurchases per year versus Verizons $1.3 billion per year. ATTs consistently larger repurchasing may signify that it views its shares as undervalued, or that it wants to improve its reported earnings-per-share. As noted earlier, ATTs 2008 earnings-per-share were $0.09 lower than Verizons, so this might be a legitimate strategy to attract future stockholder investment. However, the consistent treasury stock repurchases may be a sign that ATT is struggling to obtain legitimate interest from investors, so they are instead just acquiring their own shares to inflate the stocks value. References ATT Inc. 2008 Annual Report. ATT Investor Relations. Online. . ATT Inc. Form 10-K | 2008. Rep. no. 1-8610. Washington, DC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Online. . ATT Investor Relations. ATT Official Site. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. . ATT. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 12 Feb. 2010. . Top 10 Profit Margins by Industry, Telecom Domestic. The Online Investor. Web. 20 Feb. 2010. . Verizon Communications Inc. 2008 Annual Report. Verizon | Investor Relations. Online. . Verizon Communications Inc. Form 10-K | 2008. Rep. no. 1-8606. Washington, DC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Online. . Verizon Company Profile. Verizon | Investor Relations. Web. 17 Feb. 2010. . Verizon Communications. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 12 Feb. 2010. .